Definition
Kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from a high-energy, phosphate-donating molecule to a substrate.
Expanded Explanation
Actively participating in a variety of cellular processes, kinases are pivotal to metabolism, transcription, and cell cycle progression. They also facilitate cytoskeletal rearrangement and cell movement. Their primary function? Kinases add phosphate groups to other molecules, a process elegantly referred to as phosphorylation.
Importance
Kinases are vital in the field of biology, particularly in signalling pathways within cells. By altering the functional activities of proteins, they regulate many cellular processes, including cell growth, division, and death.
Context and Usage
In the context of cellular biology, kinases are often discussed in relation to signal transduction pathways. They are used in research to understand diseases, such as cancer and diabetes, where these pathways are often disrupted.
Examples
- Example 1: The enzyme protein kinase adds a phosphate group to a protein, changing the protein’s function and activity within the cell.
- Example 2: Cyclin-dependent kinases, vital for cell cycle regulation, are often overactive in cancer cells and hence are targets for cancer therapy.
Understanding Kinase
A common misconception is that kinases only act on proteins. However, they can phosphorylate a variety of substrates, including lipids and carbohydrates.
Related Glossary Terms
- Phosphorylation: This process, driven by kinases, involves the addition of a phosphate group to a molecule.
- Protein Kinase: A type of kinase that specifically modifies proteins through phosphorylation.
Visual and Reading Aids
External Resources
- Protein Kinase – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics: This resource provides an in-depth overview of protein kinases.
- Kinase – Wikipedia : Wikipedia offers a comprehensive and accessible explanation of kinases and their functions.
Related Articles
- Understanding Phospho Fructo Kinase: A Key Player in Energy Metabolism: This article delves into the specific kinase, phospho fructo kinase, and its role in energy metabolism.
- Top 10 Astonishing Impacts of Phosphorylation Protein on Your Health: This post discusses phosphorylation, a process facilitated by kinases, and its impact on health.
